Modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a versatile synthetic polymer that has been chemically or physically altered to enhance its properties, making it suitable for a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications. Standard PVA, derived from polyvinyl acetate through a process of hydrolysis, is known for its water solubility, film-forming ability, and biodegradability. However, in its unmodified form, it has limitations such as poor resistance to moisture and restricted thermal and mechanical properties. By modifying PVA, these limitations can be overcome, resulting in a material that performs better in demanding applications. This article explores the chemical structure, modification methods, enhanced properties, and uses of modified PVA.